大纲要求

大学英语四级考试听力理解部分的目的是测试学生获取口头信息的能力。根据教学大纲的要求,考生须听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上没有生词、语速为每分钟130~150词的简短会话、谈话、报道和讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。

本部分共有20题，分A节（Section A）和B节(Section B)，考试时间为20分钟。A节有10组对话，B节为3篇短文，或1篇复合式听写。

影响听力得分的几个因素

要想在听力测试中取得好的成绩，考生需注意以下几点：

一、打下坚实的语言基础。听力理解可分为字面理解和深层理解。要做到字面理解，就必须具备足够的语言知识，即熟练掌握语音、语法、基本词汇以及常用句型，包括口语中的一些习惯表达方法。也只有在理解字面意思的基础上才有可能对听力材料进行深层次的理解，所以坚实的语言基础是听力理解取得好成绩的先决条件。

二、掌握一定的文化背景知识。对听力材料的背景知识的了解有助于听力材料的理解，而缺乏应有的背景知识常常是造成理解失败的原因。

三、具备一定的听力应试技能。

1）拿到试卷后，首先应花一定的时间将每道试题4个选项浏览一遍，通过分析各选项可以对将听到的问题有个大体的了解，根据选择项的内容预测谈话或短文的内容和提问形式，提前了解谈话或短文中可能出现的单词或词组，使听更富于目的性，带着问题去听，有助于提高注意力，将注意力集中于对话中的某一点信息，减少听的负担，解题也更加准确，快捷。有时甚至可以在听之前通过浏览选项预测答案，而使听放音的过程成为验证自己所预测的答案是否正确的过程。这一点对于解决A节10组对话尤其有效。 

2）在平常听力训练以及四级听力考试时，都应注意，在听放音的过程中，要跟上说话人思维的展开，理解话语中的前因后果，不能只注意只言片语，不然，常会出现听了后一句却忘了前一句，整个对话或段落下来，往往只得到了支离破碎的文字信息，而忽略了最重要的一点——所听材料的内容要旨。

3）在听音的过程中，要边听边记下要点，以帮助对听力材料的记忆，也便于随后的推理和判断。

真题分解

一、对话部分（Section Ａ）

１、 问题类型

本部分的出题形式可以归纳为以下几类：

1）计算题：该类题的特点是要求考生回答对话中有关数字的一些问题,如日期、时间、价格等，答案须经过加、减、乘、除运算得出。

例1. (1996年1月全真题)

W: How much time did you have for writing the paper?

M: We were given three hours, but I finished in less than half the time.

Q: How long did it take the man to write his paper?

A) More than an hour and a half.

B) Not more than half an hour.

C) More than two hours.

D) Less than an hour and a half.

解答：本题要求考生在听懂对话的基础上进行简单而快速的心算, 也就是要求考生在顷刻间答出3小时的一半是1小时半,而小于3小时的一半也就是少于1小时半(less than an hour and a half),答案选项为B。

例2. (1997年6月全真题)

W: Here's a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight's show, please.

     M: Sure. Two tickets and here's a dollar forty cents change.

      Q: How much does one ticket cost?

A) $1.40.             B) $4.30.         

C) $6.40.             D) $8.60.

解答：本题答案选项为B。

2）推断题A:根据谈话内容推断对话发生地点、人物职业身份、谈话人之间的关系等

例1. (1997年1月全真题)

M: Are there any more questions on this lecture? Yes, Mary.

W: Dr. Baker, do you think an independent candidate could become president?

Q: What most probably is Mary?

A) A student.              B) A reporter.    

C) A visitor.           D) A lecturer.

解答：本题根据谈话内容推断Mary是一学生,答案选项为A。

例2. (1997年6月全真题)

M: How about the food I ordered? I've been waiting for twenty minutes already.
W: Very sorry, sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute.
Q: What’s the woman’s job?
          A) A shop assistant.     B) A telephone operator. 
          C) A waitress.               D) A clerk.

解答：本题从order的使用可以判断答案选项为C。
例3. （1995年6月全真题）

W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?

     M: I’ll call you when it’s ready, but it shouldn’t take longer than a week.

     Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A)  Librarian and student.

B) Operator and caller.

C) Boss and secretary.

D) Customer and repairman.

解答：本题可根据谈话内容确定两个谈话者之间的关系，答案选项为D。

3) 推断题B:根据谈话内容推断说话者的态度、观点、目的、意图等

例1.（2000年1月全真题）

M: Would you get me through to Dr. Lemon please?

    W: I'm sorry. He's with a patient.

    Q: What does the woman mean?

                A) Dr. Lemon is waiting for a patient.

     B) Dr. Lemon is busy at the moment.

                C) Dr. Lemon has lost his patience.

                D) Dr. Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.

解答：男士要求接通Dr. Lemon的电话,女士说:“抱歉,他正在给病人看病。”表明Dr. Lemon手头正忙,所以本题答案选项为B。

谈话中出现某些关键词语、习惯用语等，然后提出的问题围绕该语言点，考生须对其正确理解，才能作出正确的选择。

例2. （1999年6月全真题）

M: Is Jane looking forward to going home for the summer?

     W: She is counting the days.

     Q: What does the woman imply?

A)  Jane is looking for a summer job. 

B)  Jane is packing for the summer vacation.

C)  Jane is on her way home.          

D)  Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.

解答：此题要求能听懂女士说话的深层含义，关键词语counting the days意为“数着天数过日子”，故答案选项为D。

例3. （1999年6月全真题）

W: I ought to call Joan, and tell her about the reception this evening.

     M: Why bother? You will see her at lunch.

     Q: What does the man mean?

                 A) She can tell Joan when she sees her at noon.

                B) She should tell Joan's brother about the reception.

                C) She must call on Joan after the reception.

                D) She may see Joan's brother at lunch.

      解答：如果理解口语用法Why bother？（何必操心呢？），则能选定正确答案选项为A。

有的题主要考对一些语法现象是否真正领会，如虚拟语气，然后提出的问题围绕该语言点，考生须对其正确理解，才能作出正确的选择。

      例4. （2000年1月全真题）

W: Mary is always complaining about her job.

     M: Maybe if you tried typing letters every day, you'd see what it’s like.

     Q: What does the man mean?

     A) The woman would understand if she did Mary's job.

     B) The woman should do the typing for Mary.

     C) The woman should work as hard as Mary.

     D) The woman isn't a skillful typist.

   解答：选项A与男士的话都采用虚拟语气结构,本题答案选项为A。

4）  推断题C:根据谈话内容推断因果关系等

例1. （2000年1月全真题）

M: Good morning. This is John Parker speaking. I'm just ringing to confirm my  

   appointment with Mr. Smith for this afternoon.

    W: Yes. Mr. Smith's expecting you at three o'clock.

    Q: Why is the man making the phone call?

     A) He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.

     B) He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.

     C) He wants to change the time of the appointment.

     D) He wants the woman to meet him at three o'clock.

解答：本题答案选项为B。

Ａ节中的对话虽然简短，但多数情况下，往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分，即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此，在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词（组）用辨别法答题（解活动类多用此方法），或根据对话内容采用归纳、推理或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法答题，类型不仅仅限于诸如"what does the man mean?"这样的题目，其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。

二、短文部分（Section B）

Ｂ节通常有三篇听力材料。其中较短的约１５０词，较长的约２００词。材料本身难度不算太大，关键在于能否听懂大意、抓住要点、记住主要情节。短文后面的问题大都是问关于短文的主题、有关讲话人的情况、事实与细节、事情的因与果等，有时要求根据短文的内容作出其它推论。大体说来，Ｂ节的题目比较客观、直接。这是因为Ｂ节的题目涉及的多是具体事实（问暗含意义或要求推论的题目很少），并且答案常常可以从听力材料中直接获得。对于这类题目，只要听懂短文，选出正确答案是轻而易举的。

能否顺利完成Ｂ节的试题，主要取决于能否在一系列语句中抓住答题所需的那些关键词句。无论是对话还是文章都是围绕一个主题展开的，文章的一切细节都是用来说明一个主题。一般选择题的设计也都是针对文章的主题和用来说明主题的有关细节。在听的时候，考生通过预读选项了解了文章的话题范围，这样在听的之后就可以搜索与该话题有关的信息，前后联系，综合考虑，从而把握文章的主题。前后的关联，整体的把握对听力文章的理解至关重要，不能因为细节而忽略整体。在听段落时，要注意文章的首句。一般文章的主题由首句提出，然后以举例、列举、比较、对照等手段，抓住首句也就掌握了文章的主题，对文章的叙事方式也就有了预测性的了解。理解起来也就简单了许多。

下面以2000年1月试题中的一篇文章为例：

    My friend Vernon Davies kept birds. One day he phoned and told me he was going away for a week. He asked me to feed the birds for him and said that he would leave the key to his front door in my mailbox.

    Unfortunately, I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return. What was worse, it was already dark when I arrived at his house. I soon found that the key Vernon gave me could not unlock either the front door or the back door. I was getting desperate. I kept thinking of what Vernon would say when he came back.

    I was just going to give up when I noticed that one bedroom window was slightly open. I found a barrel and pushed it under the window. As the barrel was very heavy, I made a lot of noise. But in the end, I managed to climb up and open the window.

    I actually had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone was shining a torch up at me. I looked down and saw a policeman and an old lady, one of Vernon’s neighbours. “What are you doing up there?" said the policeman. Feeling like a complete fool, I replied, “I was just going to feed Mr. Davies' birds."

15. Why couldn't the man open the door?

A) His friend gave him the wrong key.

     B) He didn't know where the back door was.

     C) He couldn't find the key to his mailbox.

     D) It was too dark to put the key in the lock.

解答：本题答案选项为A。本题测试理解重要信息的能力，要正确回答这个问题，就必须听懂第2段的第2句：I soon found that the key Vernon gave me could not unlock either the front door or the back door.(我很快发现Vernon给我的那把钥匙既打不开前门也打不开后门。)

16. Why did the man feel desperate?

A) It was getting dark.

     B) He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.

     C) The birds might have flown away.

     D) His friend would arrive any time.

解答：本题答案选项为B。本题测试通过理解句间关系获取信息的能力。要正确回答这个问题，首先抓住desperate这个词，该词在文中和问题中同时出现，然后听懂文中desperate出现处的句间关系：I was getting desperate. I kept thinking of what Vernon would say when he came back.

17. Why did the man feel like a fool?

A) He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.

     B) He knew the policeman wouldn’t believe him.

     C) The torch light made him look very foolish.

     D) He realised that he had made a mistake.

解答：本题答案选项为B。本题测试推断理解的能力。段落中出现Feeling like a complete fool，结合该语句上下文，可以推断出该答案。

三、复合式听写（Section B）

B节另一种有可能出现的题型是复合式听写（Compound Dictation），该题主要考核考生听的能力、拼写能力、记笔记能力和书面表达能力。

复合式听写的内容为一段250词左右的短文。该试题分两大部分：第一部分含7个空，要求考生用所听到的原词填空，每空填写1个单词（共3.5分）；第二部分包括3个较长的空白处，要求考生根据所听内容写出所缺原文或用自己的语言填入所缺原文的要点（共6.5分）。考试时整个文章段落朗读三遍。第一遍是全文朗读，没有停顿，要求考生听懂全文内容。第二遍朗读时，第一部分在每个空格后略有停顿，让考生填入所缺单词；第二部分在每个空格后作较长停顿，让考生根据所听到的内容写出主要意思。第三遍同第一遍一样，没有停顿，共考生进行核对。复合式听写所用短文与听力理解部分的篇章在题材、体裁和难度上大体相同，朗读速度略低于大学英语教学大纲规定的语速。

听写此部分要特别善于运用速记法。听到一个长句时，可以先记大意和要点，或先记下每词的词头，或其缩略形式，或用自己独特的方法。落笔时，如果对复杂句法结构没有把握，可以用简单句。同样长句可改为短句，词组可代替句子等，写出要点即可。

下面请看1997年6月试题：

In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no "(S1) _______"day for a police officer. Some days are (S2) _______ slow, and the job is (S3) _______; other days are so busy that there is no time to eat. I think I can (S4) _______ police work in one word: (S5)______. Sometimes it’s dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover, that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing (S6) _______ clothes, not my police (S7) _______. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly, (S8) ___________________________. Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (S9) _______________________. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, (S10) _______________________________________________.

解答：

S1 typical   S2 relatively S3 boring          S4 describe

S5 variety   S6 normal    S7 uniform

S8 seven bad men jumped out at me; one of them had a knife, and we got into a fight

S9 She was trying to get to the hospital, but there was a bad traffic jam

S10 the baby waited to “arrive” until we got to the hospital