career; profession; job and trade 的辨析

                     大学英语部 第五教研室  伍虹

     本学期«新编大学英语»第三册Unit 4 Career Planning (Page 144) No.3 Matching Game ,Section A 中, 有关于工作和职业的理解填空题。现将career; profession; job and trade 的细微差异辨析如下:

career n.[C] 1. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one's life 事业; 职业:

e.g. At the peak of his career he was made chairman of the Union of Soviet Composers. 

e.g. Florence Nightingale made nursing her career.

          2.( a part of) the general course of a person's working life 经历;生涯:

e.g. Churchill's career proves he was a great man.

e.g. She spent most of her career working in Africa.

          v. to move at great speed, usu. dangerously 急驰;猛冲:

e.g. The car careered uncontrollably down the hill and into a tree.

 at full career  going as fast as possible 全速地;开足马力地:

e.g. The horse was running at full career when it fell and broke its leg.

profession n.[ C；U ] 1. a form of employment, esp. one that is respected in society as honourable and is possible only for an educated person and after training in some special branch of knowledge ( such as law, medicine, and the Church)专业;职业(尤指从事脑力或受过专业训练的):

e.g. She intends to make teaching her profession.

e.g. The most suitable thing you could do is to enter your father's profession.

                    2.the whole body of people in a particular profession某专业的全体人员; ...界:

e.g. The medical profession favors this law.

professional  1. working in a profession 专业的;职业的:

e.g. Some men earn their living by playing football, we call these professional footballers.

            2.[ C ] a person who makes his or her living by doing certain work 以某种职业为生的人:

e.g. Doctors and teachers are professional men.

            3.( well ) done by or as if by a professional (像)专业的; 技巧精湛的:

e.g. The magician performed his tricks with professional skill.

job [ C ] 1. a piece of work that has been or must be done (已经做好或必须做好)工作:

e.g. In the afternoon it was my job to go and do the shopping.

        2. something hard to do 费力的事情;难事:

e.g. It was a job to get him to agree.

e.g. He found it a job to make both ends meet.

        3. regular paid employment 职业;职位:

e.g. They were paid according to the number of jobs they completed.

e.g. The repair job will cost $300.

        4. infml.  an example of certain type (某种)事情

e.g. Waxing( 打蜡) the car was quite a job.

       5. sl.dishonest or harmful piece of work, esp. robbery or a beating 欺诈或有害的行为(尤指抢劫或打人):

e.g. John's been in hospital since Paul did that job on him.

on the job ( of people or,sometimes, machines ) at work; working; busy ( 指人或机器)工作着; 忙碌着

a job of work BrE. infml. a piece of work, usu well done ( 常指出色的)工作:

e.g. You can be sure my brother will do a job of work for the money you pay him.

out of a job unemployed 失业:

e.g. You'll be out of a job if you keep coming late.

a good / bad job BrE. infml. good / bad 好/坏的

e.g. That restauant is not cheap, so it's a good job you've brought plenty of money.

make the best of a bad job to do as much or as well as possible in unfavourable conditions ( 在不利情况下)尽量做好

e.g. We had to make the bset of a bad job by agreeing to do it against our wishes.

just the job  exactly the thing wanted or needed 正好需要的事情

e.g. Thanks for that screw: it was just the job.

trade[ C; U ] an occupation,esp. one needing special skill with hands ( 尤指需要手艺的)行业;职业

e.g. Boys leaving school can be trained for many trades.

e.g. Foreign trade kept the country's economy healthy.

by trade 干( 某行业)

e.g.He is an electrician by trade.

其它相关职业和工作的字:

work  1. activity which uses effort, esp. with a special purpose, not for amusement 工作;劳动 e.g. After some time I went down to the silver-mines and tried to get work there.

       2. ( the nature or place of ) a job or occupation  职业;工作( 的性质和场所)

e.g. My work is in medicine as a doctor.

       3.what one is working on 工作;活儿

e.g. She put her work on the table and welcomed us.

       4.what is produced by work, esp. of the hands 产品;(尤指)手工制品

e.g. The villagers sell their work to tourists.

at work ( on ) doing something, esp. work 在工作; 从事于

e.g. I 'm at work on a new life of Nelson.

 go / set to work ( on ) to start doing 着手;开始做;动工

e.g. Could you set to work on painting that ceiling ?

in wirk / out of work having a job / unemployed 在职/失业

e.g. There are ten thousand more people in work this month than last. He 's been out of work for months.

occupation[C]  1. a job; employment 职业；工作：

e.g. Teaching is Miss Day's occupation.

              2. becoming rare way of spending time 消遣

e.g. His useful weekend occupation is reading.

task [ C ] a piece of ( esp. difficult )work which must be done ( 尤指困难的)工作; 任务

e.g. Each child is responsible for certain household tasks. He had the worst task of us all.

mission [ C ] a journey, esp. to another country or place and often military, to do some particular work for which one has been sent 使命;任务(常指军事方面)

e.g. A party of soldiers was landed secretly at night on the enemy coast; their mission was to blow up the radio station.

business [ C; U ]one's work or employment 工作;职业

e.g. My business is selling cars; yours is studying at school.

labour [ U ] 1. work,esp. if hard or heavy (尤指艰苦的)劳动

e.g. They have a modern house which is full of labour-saving devices.

          2. people doing such work 劳力; 劳动力;劳工

e.g. Most of the nation's labour is on strike.